How does Shakespeare engage the audience in Ac 4, Scene 1 of Othello Essays

How does Shakespeare draw in the crowd in Ac 4, Scene 1 of Othello Essays How does Shakespeare connect with the crowd in Ac 4, Scene 1 of Othello Essay How does Shakespeare connect with the crowd in Ac 4, Scene 1 of Othello Essay This scene Act 4, scene 1-strengthened the motivation behind the play; envy. Act 3 completes uncomfortable. Desdemona has now perceived her significant other is envious despite the fact that she never gave him cause, she has never understood that the hanky is missing and is making Othello become angrier. Desdemonas reaction to this shows the wide-alert, sensible authenticity about human issues of which she has just given proof. Obviously something of her feeling of the outright and extraordinary nature of their affection has been reduced. The spring of the catastrophe is currently ended up to its most secure and everything we can do is be defenseless as it loosens up with powerful and completely damaging force. Shakespeare utilizes various topics through the play, one of them being prejudice. This is a subject raised commonly in the play. Bigotry is one reason that Iago detests Othello, alluding him as an old dark slam! This shows how envious Iago is and how bogus his depiction of Othello really is. Iago orders Othellos creative mind, conjuring up upsetting pictures of disloyalty right off the bat in the scene. Iago plays demons advocate by saying be bare in bed with her companion. He recommends Desdemonas respect - like her hanky is hers to part with as she picks. Othello, in any case, is unable now of seeing the physical presence of it with the liable that Iago has steepened. Without expecting to think, he typically says that the cloth is an indication of Desdemonas respect. Iago sideways applies with his literalistic trademark. Her respect is a pith that is not seen: They have it very oft that have it not But for the hanky Othello evidentially didnt should be reminded. You know this from the statement I would most happily have overlooked it! Notwithstanding attempting to overlook it, he plainly cant oust it from his musings. Othello talks incoherently and distractedly he is scarcely in charge of his own faculties. He negates himself all through this from the previous line, to be once in question is once to be settled. Othello is frantic to discover that reality among uncertainty and conviction. Hes stuck among yearning and abhorring Desdemona. His spasm is the physical articulation of his internal torment. Ironicly Iago calls his poisoness impact, medication. (Line 45, Act 4, scene 1) It appears to be unfeeling that Iago should advise Othello to hold up under your fortune like a man (line 61) while simultaneously tormenting him with contemplations who make other men cuckolds each night. Iago realizes that Othello will start to lose his enormous pride and make this thought tolerable. His guarantee to be, generally clever in my understanding (line 91) is disturbing; Othello additionally plans to be generally bleeding in a similar line. Could this be an indication of him drawing nearer to the abomination of the last demonstration? We may likewise see his striking of Desdemona as an introduction to the physical brutality that is to happen later in the play. Between the lines of 90-97, you see that Iago kids about Biancas affection for Cassio, demonstrating that Iago is fairly merciless. It is an animal that spoils Cassio. In the same way as other occasions previously, the subject of creatures is acquired. I think this implies they utilize use and maltreatment as though theyre regarding her as though she has no sentiments herself. In any case, the Elizabethan crowd werent a tiny smidgen disturbed by this. They saw prostitution and such a typical thing, that would happen a considerable amount. Othello could never get a lot of compassion from the crowd due to racial conditions. The crowd were frequently white and catholic which was everything the Moor was most certainly not. Othello was dark and was destined to be Muslim. The greater part of the compassion would fall on Desdemona all through the play. The emotional impact of Othellos numerous asides could lift the scene to get ludicrous. Iago and Cassio speak to fighters ineffectively all through this scene. This could be on the grounds that warriors appear to know precisely what they need, though they don't. Theyre likewise described as exceptionally rough and discourteous towards ladies. This was the manner by which they were seen in line 16 too. The most low and unpleasant joined the military. This is a topic referenced all through the play. In scene 4, on line 145 onwards it specifies the tissue once more. This, is Othellos eyes is proof that Desdemona submitted infidelity. In Othellos eyes, there is just highly contrasting. There are no doubts yet just clear feelings. After Bianca tosses down the tissue before Othello, Othello says the line, By paradise, that ought to be my hanky! (Line 154) This seems like an anguished cry of acknowledgment getting away from Othello as the game changing tissue shows up once more. Iago is restless to dispose of Cassio in the event that he says whatever may uncover that it is Bianca that he had been discussing before she had entered. Part of Biancas lines and sections are tasteless and not lovely. I think Shakespeare composed this way so Bianca shows up low class on the grounds that shes a whore. I think this is a smart thought. It reminds the peruser about the character mentality and character. On line 161, an on edge state of mind is made. I may opportunity to see you, for I would very fain talk with you. Othello needs no all the more convincing at this point. The main inquiry going through his head is How? Iago doesnt answer and this goads Othello much more. There are contradicting emotions depicted in line 182. I do however say what she is. So sensitive with her needle. This is a memory of Desdemona before she harmed his considerations. The line its pity, Iago affects the crowd. By the utilization of the word feel sorry for it causes the peruser to feel sorry for him. This is a decent procedure. Catholics around in the Elizabethan time looked at infidelity as a gigantic sin. They felt on the off chance that you submitted infidelity youd get lost and consume. They felt it was against the 10 edicts.

The Piano Man Essay examples

The Piano Man Essay models The Piano Man Essay models Legacy and Economic Prosperity Challenges Succeed The play â€Å"The Piano Lesson† by August Wilson effectively represents Family Heritage and Economic Prosperity, two significant parts of the â€Å"American Dream.† Taking spot in 1930’s in Pittsburgh, it additionally shows how circumstances are different, and the naã ¯ve thought of the American Dream can in some cases be a more remote reach for various legacies. The Piano Lesson addresses various parts of life including the economy, family, and the dubious heavenly. In the time allotment that the â€Å"The Piano Lesson† takes places, there is a ton going on in the public arena. Lymon and Boy Willie, two primary characters, have ventured out from Mississippi to sell watermelons in Pittsburgh. They are sparing their pennies to buy land from the Charles family’s ace, that of who’s spooky nearness frequents the property that his family lives on. At the point when they find that they are running somewhat short on cash, Boy Willie attempts to pe rsuade his sister to let him keep the piano and offer it for cash to purchase more land that he initially anticipated purchasing. The piano is a souvenir, and a trimming that his family holds dear, and is very defensive of it. This raises Heritage, and how it varies from age to age. The piano is practically similar to a voodoo article to the Charles’ family, and if they somehow happened to dispose of it, it would be as though they would be reviled for eternity. In the 1930’s, African American families were regularly associated with voodoo and other powerful exercises. They trusted in apparitions, and post-existence, and passed those thoughts down to more youthful ages, for example, Boy Willies and Berniece’s little girl Maretha. Their legacy in the 1930’s; doubts, and attempting to get however much cash-flow as could be expected so as to satisfy an alternate American Dream. â€Å"All that’s before. On the off chance that my daddy had seen where he could have exchanged that piano for some arrived of is own, it wouldn’t be sitting up here now†¦ (Page 46)† This statement shows that even two kin may put stock in an alternate legacy when it comes down to for this exceptional a thing. Page 2 Unfortunately, African Americans in the 1930’s weren’t given a lot of chance for progress and flourishing. Lymon and Boy Willie needed to go the extent that selling watermelons out of there truck miles from where they lived so they could excel. At the point when that wasn’t enough, they needed to attempt to persuade Berniece to let him sell the one thing that they all esteemed, and that they all accepted had a bit of their family name appended to it. Since The play occurred in the start of the Great Depression; it is reasonable with respect to why times were hard. In the 1950’s, as life started to modernize and the Economy turned out to be increasingly deft for society all in all, the possibility of the â€Å"American Dream† turned out to be progressively reasonable and not as implausible for individuals. It appeared to be conceivable to have land, a house, occupations, and live serenely. â€Å"Boy Willie state charge them a quarter more. They didn’t care. A few people give me a dollar and advised me to keep the change. (Page 59).† Twenty years earlier, Boy Willie and Lymon were attempting to sell watermelons modest to attempt to get by similarly as sow in the statement above. The way that cash assumed such a major job in how life ought to be truly makes the entire thought of the ideal life, family, and home, somewhat two-faced. On the off chance that the â€Å"American Dream† should depict satisfacti on, and the best way to be glad was if there was sufficient cash accessible, than is cash truly what causes the world to go ‘round? Perhaps the American Dream was only an approach to parade accomplishment in the nineteenth century. The monetary thriving would prevail upon legacy in light of the fact that regardless of whether you have confidence in just a single method to accomplish something, the economy may come in the way. For a model in the event that somebody doesn't have confidence in a specific activity, and in light of the fact that the economy fell and you had no other decision you may reconsider your legacy to deal with your family

Toons and Tasty Burgers

Toons and Tasty Burgers 11/9/2013: At the time of this writing: Im sitting in a cozy joint titled Tasty Burger with Hairuo, Royal, and Trevor. (Theyre cool.) Hairuo, Royal, and Trevor are telling me I should double major in Comparative Media Studies. Im kind of considering it. I have yet to see if the burgers are tasty. The Fox is playing on the speakers. Loudly. I ordered an apple juice box which I have just finished. There is an amazing mural on the wall of Samuel L. Jackson from Pulp Fiction. This marks the end of a very good start to what will be a very good weekend. First and most importantly, I got nine hours of sleep last night, which I havent been able to do for a while. If theres one thing Ive learned since coming here, its that sleep is very, very, VERY valuable to me, and I have to work hard to make sure I get enough of it. Burgers are here. The story continueslater! - 11/10/2013: The burgers were fairly tasty. On a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 would be a high school cafeteria burger and 5 would be an In-N-Out double-double, Tasty Burger would fall in the 4 to 4.5 range. In any case. This weekend is particularly splendid for a couple of reasons. First of all, its a long weekend. Second of all, I painted figurative rainbows all over my second 8.022 (Introductory Physics Electricity/Magnetism, hard mode) exam last Thursday after getting 9 hours of sleep on a weeknight, which ended up being much better for my test than studying for it. This means a weekend usually spent on 8.022 psets was spent instead catching up on sleep and singing with the Toons. Which brings me to the third reason: two (TWO) performances with my a cappella group, the MIT-Wellesley Toons, whom I dearly love. Look, were on the Internet and everything. Heres a video from our last performance a few weeks ago. We did a small performance on Friday night at Wellesley, but it was our Saturday evening concert that wed been preparing for the most. Saturday night was the Eighth Annual MIT-Wellesley Toons Concert for a Cure, a benefit concert for multiple sclerosis which featured not only the Toons but also a ton of amazing groups from other places like Harvard, Olin, Suffolk, and Wellesley. We had too much fun turning the lecture hall 10-250 into a makeshift concert venue by covering the blackboards with silly chalk art and dressing up in official Tooniforms: black shirt, black pants, and colored ties for the guys, and colored shirts with suspenders for the gals. Meet the Olin Powerchords. Theyre pretty kick-ass. They shot one of their members on stage at the end of their set, cutting off their last song. Not even kiddingit was a song from a James Bond movie and they ended it by shooting the lead singer with a Nerf pistol. These delightful fellows are Roadkill Buffet, MITs very own improv comedy group. They took the prompt pickles and turned it into a ten-minute series of skits featuring the benefits of veganism and eating organic, the need to wear furry boots, a farmer who cant bear to slaughter his cows for food, and a pastor who hears the cows confession of being able to talk. Comedy sure doesnt make much sense, but thats what makes it hilarious. The Wellesley Tupelos came out and rocked the show. Theyre named after Wellesleys Tupelo Point. Its said that if you kiss your significant other there, youll get married to them (or be successful and wealthy in life, depending on which version you subscribe to). The Harvard Dance Team came out with a performance set to Lady Gagas Applause. They were pretty great. Major props for being able to do a full performance in a lecture hall without knocking anything down. Toons getting pumped right before the show! Some of the other groups who came out included the a cappella groups the Suffolk Ramifications, Harvard Mirch (East Asian/pop mashup a cappella!), Wellesley Dead Serious (more improv comedy), Wellesley Freestyle (daaaance). It was awesome and amazing and we raised a couple hundred dollars for finding a cure for multiple sclerosis. If youd like to donate to our cause, you can still do so here:  http://weblink.donorperfect.com/MIT2013. Your friend in a cappella burgers, Allan

Romantic Relationships During High School Essay - 1775 Words

Are relationships in high school truly worth the potential heartache? Answers to this question vary, ranging from the enthusiastic â€Å"yes!† to the skeptical view of which cutting off one’s own third toe makes more sense to indifference. Yet, how can the value of a relationship be determined when the tumult of everyday teenage life may result in the potential loss or gain of a new relationship every week? One view may be relationships teenagers enter into are valuable practice for later in life, teaching those which engage in them how to interact with members of the opposite sex in a way which leads to marriage or family. Others, however, state the truism being a significantly low percentage of high school romances result in marriage.†¦show more content†¦However, growing amounts of students are not only spending weekends with each other, but are allowing weekday nights to become a ritual as well. Along with spending all of one’s time with only one oth er person, there are some instances where one person becomes isolated by the other in the relationship. This becomes a problem for an isolated person when they find all of the friends they had before the relationship are now gone from lack of attention. If the people involved in this relationship are within the lucky two percent which spend the rest of their lives together, they need not worry about the next issue. However, if they are in the other ninety-eight percent, it may pose as a problem. What happens within a relationship once it is no longer a relationship? How do students navigate the possibility of going to the same school, but no longer being a couple? Not only is their former best friend alienated but now others feel awkward around two people who were formerly inseparable. Of course, not all high school breakups are messy, but in my observations and experience it is nearly impossible to remain friends after a breakup, even if it was mutual. After a breakup, the two parties involved often feel cheated; one party may feel guilty for breaking up with someone while the other may feel angry about being broken up with. To add to this stress, other teenagers in their high school keep close tabs on others relationships. One might thinkShow MoreRelatedEffects of Romantic Relationship on the Academic Performance on College Students1079 Words   |  5 Pagesmind. Love is a deep sense of acceptance and commitment to some person, object or activity. There are different kind s of love including parental, love between friends, love of a child for his or her parents, patriotism or love of one’s homeland and romantic love. Once puberty has set in, the adolescent is surprised by moods and vague organic sensation that he or she is drawn towards the other sex. (Aquino and Miranda, 1991). College life can be stressful, but it is surely one of the most memorableRead MoreIs Single Parenting Becomes More Common?902 Words   |  4 Pageshis high school girlfriend. In the nearly three years they dated, they were like a married couple, he said. But one day, during an argument, she slapped him. Only once, Klebanov said. Or was it twice? He seemed unsure, but largely unconcerned. She was a small girl and it did not hurt, he said. Klebanov’s mother raised him alone for most of his life, so could not draw on observations of his parents to teach him appropriate conflict resolution with a partner exactly how to manage a relationship, heRead MoreThe, And Music Over Time1243 Words   |  5 Pagesstronger the experience is for teenagers. To prove that adolescent’s experience love much stronger than adults, we can start by looking into what happens on a biochemical level. During the duration of adolescence, hormones affect brain functioning and decision making greatly. In young women, six times more estrogen is produced during adolescence than any other time in their life. Young men produce 20 times as much testosterone in adolescence. These hormones contribute to the sexual urges that are oftenRead MoreTo Think Back To A Period In My Own Adolescence Is Tricky,1549 Words   |  7 Pagestime to finally understand that they only want what’s best for me. School is a top priority, and they were always kept aware of my grades and made sure my head was committed to the books. My parents necessarily never required straight A’s, because A’s and B’s were exceptional too. When it came to my social life, it depended on what I had planned. In middle school they approved of hang outs at the mal l or the movies, and in high school I was given permission to attend parties and the football games.Read MoreHow Racism Caused By Colonization, Age, And Gender Have A Disproportionately High Suicide Rates1563 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity is extremely difficult. Whereas, developing into an adult when faced with violence is exceptionally harder. Many young Inuit males succumb to this hardship. In comparison to the general population, adolescent Inuit males have a disproportionately high suicide rate. Through an intersectional analysis, I will examine the how racism caused by colonization, age, and gender have caused one of the highest suicide rates in the world. The act of committing suicide in Inuit communities has changed drasticallyRead MoreAdolescence And Young Adulthood : Young Relationships And Delinquency1436 Words   |  6 PagesWithin current culture, it is easy to assume that young relationships are innocent and do not enable any issues in the adolescents cognitive or physical development. The main concern of Ming Cui et al. is that dating in early adolescence can impede developmental adjustment (Serafini Rye Drysdale, 2013, pg. 253). The reason for this concern is that there is more research showing that there is an association between romantic relationships and delinquency in adolescence and young adulthood (SerafiniRead MoreSexual Relationship Among Romantic Partners1473 Words   |  6 PagesA recent study of sexual relationship among Romantic Partners, Friends, Friends with Benefits, and Casual Acquaintances as Sexual Partners was conducted by two researchers Wyndol Furman from the Department of Psychology, University of De nver and Laura Shaffer from the Department of Psychology, University of Louisville Schools of Medicine. Authors, through their intensive research and sample studies, interviews and questionnaires, have examined and concluded their findings on sexual behaviors withRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Perks Of Being A Wallflower 1698 Words   |  7 PagesBeing a Wallflower is a bout an young teenage boy, name Charlie and his many struggles that he is faced with as he enters his freshman year of High School. The movie, while at times entertaining, addresses many issues that many teenagers go through in early and late adolescent years. Bullying, sexual identity, substance abuse, romantic relationships, loss, high risk behaviors, sexual abuse, and suicide are topics that are addressed in this fascinating movie. The movie a coming of age story that describesRead MoreAdolescence And Emerging Adulthood : The Breakfast Club1377 Words   |  6 Pagesdepicts five high school students from Il linois as they spend a Saturday together in detention. Prior to their arrival, John Bender, Claire Standish, Andy Clark, Brian Johnson, and Allison Reynolds had not met, nor would they have associated with one another on a typical day in high school. After spending nine hours together, however, the group of vastly different adolescents break down emotional barriers, manage to build a sense of intimacy, and some establish dating relationships by the day’sRead MoreEffects Of Divorce On Children1106 Words   |  5 Pageslife and puts some on a downward trajectory from which they might never fully recover. A child’s education, relationships and health are adversely affected when parental divorce occurs. Academics are one of the most important aspects of a life. With good grades, students are able to get into colleges and universities them to earn degrees in order to obtain jobs that they want. If the relationship between the student’s parents is unstable and filled with conflict, this can alter the student’s academic

“Swot Analysis of Project Management in Bangladesh”

â€Å"SWOT Analysis of Project Management in Bangladesh† August 11, 2012 Shah Md-Al-Emran Faculty of Business Administration ASA University Bangladesh Subject: Submission of â€Å"SWOT Analysis of Project Management in Bangladesh †. Sir, We are pleased to submit my report onâ€Å"SWOT Analysis of Project Management in Bangladesh†. . This report is a part of Project Management (MGT411) to complete our BBA program. We have prepared this report under the instruction of you. Though it was a tough job but it’s a great pleasure to perform the task and it enrich my knowledge. We have given our sincere effort to complete the report. We don’t copy anything from anywhere. Finally we are submitting the report and will be grateful if you kindly†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ To determined the investment opportunities. †¢ To describe the resource utilization of project in Bangladesh. †¢ To estimate the challenges of project management in Bangladesh. Specific objectives: There are some specific objectives which are given below: †¢ To determine the strength of project in Bangladesh. †¢ To systematic, planning and organizing control of project. †¢ Information about strategic information of project. †¢ Identify the problems of project management in Bangladesh. D. Methodology: We have use two methodology to prepare our term paper, these are given below: 1) Primary data 2) Secondary data Primary data: primary data is collected from the following way: †¢ Face to face conversation with different project managers and personnels Secondary data: Secondary data is taken by using following sources: †¢ Information from different articles about project management in Bangladesh †¢ Information from the book of project management. †¢ Research data about project management. E. Limitations Limitations which we have faced while we are preparing this report are given below: †¢ Lack of information. †¢ Lack of co-operation of different project personnel. †¢ Lack of knowledge. †¢ Limited time for collect data. Chapter 2: project management A. Project Management Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, securing, managing,Show MoreRelatedMy Personal Swot Analysis854 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. The aim of any SWOT analysis is to identify the key internal and external factors that are important to achieving the objective. The internal factors may be viewed as strengths or weaknesses depending upon their impact on the organizations objectives. What may represent strengths with respect to one objective may be weaknessesRead MoreBangladesh Economy: a Swot Analysis3420 Words   |  14 Pages[2010] [Bangladesh Economy: A SWOT Analysis] Course Title: HRM 501 Submitted to: Lieutenant General Mohd. Aminul Karim MBA Program BRAC University Prepared by: Nushrat Sharmin ID # 09264022 MBA Program Summer 2010 Semester Introduction This paper aims to examine Bangladeshs overall economy with special focus on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis. The research has found that Bangladesh is going to encounter series of economic hurdles in near future. Over the lastRead MoreA Brief Note On The Country Prime Financial Institution For Supporting Private Sector Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pages2.3 Vision of BDBL To emerge as the country prime financial institution for supporting private sector industrial and other projects of great significance to the country’s economic development. Also be active in commercial banking by introducing new lines of product and providing excellent services to the customers. 2.4 Mission of BDBL †¢ To be compete with other banks Financial institutions in rendering services †¢ To contribute to the country’s socio economic development by identifying new profitableRead MoreGrameenphone1473 Words   |  6 Pagesearly nineties, when Telenor decided to expand thetr operation into the Eastern European market. In the nintes they focused on south Asian market, starting with Bangladesh in 1996 and moving later into Thailand, Malaysia. Telenor entered into BD in joint venture with Grameen telecome- Telenor(62%) and Grameen telecome (38%). PESTLE analysis: 1.Social Initiatives The Grameenphone Community Information Center is a shared premiseRead MoreAcknowledgement Essay2279 Words   |  10 PagesDear Sir, Prof. Dr. Serajul Hoque Lecturer in Marketing, Faculty of Business ASA University Bangladesh Sub: Submission of a Assigment. It is my pleasure to submit the assigment report on â€Å"AKIJ GROUP†. So I prepared Report about â€Å"AKIJ GROUP† as a partial requirement for fulfillment of MBA. I have collected primary amp; secondary data from the respected related respondents amp; finally analyzed the information to prepare this Report to place before you for your kind approval. IRead MoreImproving Access to Safe Water in Bangladesh2835 Words   |  11 PagesEVALUATING THE SOURCES OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES TO IMPROVE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER IN BANGLADESH OVERVIEW Access to safe and reliable drinking water is a long-standing problem in developing countries, and it was identified as a major target in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. But, even the recent data indicate that close to 900 million people lack access to a safe and sustainable source of drinking water. The access to safe water is affected by temporal differences in availability ofRead MoreOverview of SQUARE pharmaceuticals LTD2777 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction: Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (SPL) has been the trendsetter in Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Market since its inception in 1958. Over the last decade SPL actually rose to a new standard moving beyond manufacturing quality medicines to win mindshare of patients, physicians, shareholders, business partners, and communities where we work and live. Our dedication to addRead MoreAnalitical Analysis on British American Tobacco3080 Words   |  13 PagesBUS 101 PROJECT SUBMITTED TO : NOOR-E-HASNIN SECTION: 06 SUBMITTED BY : 1. RUSHMIAN ANNOY WADUD (1410221643) 2. SERAJUS SALEHIN (1511397630) 3. HASAN MUSTAFA TARIQUE (1510270630) 4. FARHAN HASAN (1510199630) 5. MD. ARIFUL ISLAM (1230423026) Acknowledgment We owe our profound gratitude to our course instructor Ms. Noor-E-Hasnin (NEH), who took keen interest on our project work and guided us all along, till the completion of our project work by providing all the necessaryRead MoreVending Machine5083 Words   |  21 PagesImportance of Maintainance amp; Insurance e.Execution f.Monitor g.Evaluation 4. Industry Overview and Analysis...................................................................................... 15 4.1. PEST Analysis.......................................................................................................... 15 3.3. Industries SWOT...................................................................................................... 16 5. Core CompetitorsRead MoreUnilever Bangladesh Ltd. Bus 1013222 Words   |  13 PagesFINAL PROJECT Unilever Bangladesh Faculty Member: Nadia Asraf (NAF) Course BUS 101, Sec 9 Submitted by: Shah Asif, Id: 081170030 Sabrina Akther -1210680030 Sufia Akhter Suma-1130043030 Rubiya Jahan Chowdhury -1210677030 Date: 15-04-2012 NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY Table of Contents Titles | Page Number | Executive Summary | 5 | Introduction | 6 | SWOT Analysis | 6 | Functional Management in Uniliver Bangladesh ltd | 10 | Promotional Strategies and Tools | 13 | Conclusion | 16 | Reference

Fredrick Douglas and Harriot Jacobs Free Essays

string(108) " his individual moral principles in order to bring conscience to bear against the nation’s greatest evil\." CONTACT US | SITE GUIDE | SEARCH April 22, 2013 Freedom’s Story Essays 1609-1865 The Varieties of Slave Labor How Slavery Affected African American Families Slave Resistance The Demise of Slavery Rooted in Africa, Raised in America Beyond the Written Document: Looking for Africa in African American Culture How to Read a Slave Narrative Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs 1865-1917 Reconstruction and the Formerly Enslaved â€Å"Somewhere† in the Nadir of African American History, 1890-1920 Racial Uplift Ideology in the Era of â€Å"The Negro Problem† Pigmentocracy Segregation The Trickster in African American Literature 1917 and Beyond African American Protest Poetry The New Negro and the Black Image: From Booker T. Washington to Alain Locke The Image of Africa in the Literature of the Harlem Renaissance Jazz and the African American Literature Tradition The Civil Rights Movement: 1919-1960s The Civil Rights Movement: 1968-2008 Freedom’s Story is made possible by a grant from the Wachovia Foundation. Freedom’s Story Advisors and Staff Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs: American Slave Narrators Lucinda MacKethan Alumni Distinguished Professor of English Emerita, North Carolina State University National Humanities Center Fellow  ©National Humanities Center Frederick Douglass During the last three decades of legal slavery in America, from the early 1830s to the end of the Civil War in 1865, African American writers perfected one of the nation’s first truly indigenous genres of written literature: the North American slave narrative. We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Douglas and Harriot Jacobs or any similar topic only for you Order Now The genre achieves its most eloquent expression in Frederick Douglass’s 1845 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: an American Slave and Harriet Jacobs’s 1861 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Like all slave narratives, Jacobs’s and Douglass’s works embody the tension between the conflicting motives that generated autobiographies of slave life. An ironic factor in the production of these accounts can be noted in the generic title â€Å"Fugitive Slave Narrative† often given to such works. The need to accomplish the form’s most important goal—an end to slavery—took narrators back to the world that had enslaved them, as they were called upon to provide accurate reproductions of both the places and the experiences of the past they had fled. White abolitionists urged slave writers to follow well-defined conventions and formulas to produce what they saw as one of the most potent propaganda weapons in their arsenal. They also insisted on adding their own authenticating endorsements to the slaves’ narrations through prefaces and introductions. Yet for the writers themselves, the opportunity to tell their stories constituted something more personal: a means to write an identity within a country that legally denied their right to exist as human beings. Working cautiously within the genre expectations developed by and for their white audiences, highly articulate African American writers such as Douglass and Jacobs found ways to individualize their narratives and to speak in their own voices in a quest for selfhood that had to be balanced against the aims and values of their audiences. (See also â€Å"How to Read a Slave Narrative† in Freedom’s Story. ) Harriet Jacobs A comparison of the narratives of Douglass and Jacobs demonstrates the full range of demands and situations that slaves could experience. Some of the similarities in the two accounts are a result of the prescribed formats that governed the publication of their narratives. The fugitive or freed or â€Å"ex† slave narrators were expected to give accurate details of their experiences within bondage, emphasizing their sufferings under cruel masters and the strength of their will to free themselves. One of the most important elements that developed within the narratives was a â€Å"literacy† scene in which the narrator explained how he or she came to be able to do something that proslavery writers often declared was impossible: to read and write. Authenticity was paramount, but readers also looked for excitement, usually provided through dramatic details of how the slave managed to escape from his/her owners. Slave narrators also needed to present their credentials as good Christians while testifying to the hypocrisy of their supposedly pious owners. Both Douglass and Jacobs included some version of all these required elements yet also injected personalized nuances that transformed the formulas for their own purposes. Some of the differences in the readership and reception of Jacobs’s 1861 narrative and Douglass’s first, 1845 autobiography (he wrote two more, in 1855 and 1881, the latter expanded in 1892) reflect simply the differing literary and political circumstances that prevailed at the Prescribed formats governed the publication of slave narratives. time of their construction and publication. When Douglass published his Narrative of the Life, the Abolitionist movement was beginning to gain political force, while the long-delayed publication of Jacobs’s Incidents in 1861 was overshadowed by the start of the Civil War. Douglass was a publicly acclaimed figure from almost the earliest days of his career as a speaker and then a writer. Harriet Jacobs, on the other hand, was never well-known. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl disappeared from notice soon after its publication, without a large sale, while Douglass’s first book went through nine editions in its first two years and eventually became the standard against which all other slave narratives—even his own later ones—are measured. Douglass’s 1845 narrative grew out of the story of enslavement that he honed as a speaker for the Massachusetts Antislavery Society. â€Å"Discovered† and hired to lecture on the abolitionist circuit by William Lloyd Garrison in 1841, three years after he had made his escape from Baltimore, Douglass developed rhetorical devices common to sermons and orations and carried these over to his narrative, which abounds with examples of repetition, antithesis, and other classical persuasive strategies. His narrative was the culmination of Douglass based his narrative on the sermon. his speech-making career, reflecting his mastery of a powerful preaching style along with the rhythms and imagery of biblical texts that were familiar to his audiences. Douglass also reflected the Emersonian idealism so prominent in the 1840s, as he cast himself in the role of struggling hero asserting his individual moral principles in order to bring conscience to bear against the nation’s greatest evil. You read "Fredrick Douglas and Harriot Jacobs" in category "Papers" In addition, his story could be read as a classic male â€Å"initiation† myth, a tale which traced a youth’s growth from innocence to experience and from boyhood into successful manhood; for Douglass, the testing and journey motifs of this genre were revised to highlight the slave’s will to transform himself from human chattel into a free American citizen. Harriet Jacobs, on the other hand, began her narrative around 1853, after she had lived as a fugitive slave in the North for ten years. She began working privately on her narrative not long after Cornelia Grinnell Willis purchased her freedom and gave her secure employment as a Jacobs modeled her narrative on the sentimental or domestic novel. domestic servant in New York City. Jacobs’s manuscript, finished around four years later but not published for four more, reflects in part the style, tone, and plot of what has been called the sentimental or domestic novel, popular fiction of the mid-nineteenth century, written by and for women, that stressed home, family, womanly modesty, and marriage. In adapting her life story to this genre, Jacobs drew on women writers who were contemporaries and even friends, including well-known writers Lydia Maria Child and Fanny Fern (her employer’s sister in law), but she was also influenced by the popularity of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which appeared in 1851. Stowe’s genius lay in her ability to harness the romantic melodrama of the sentimental novel to a carefully orchestrated rhetorical attack against slavery, and no abolitionist writer in her wake could steer clear of the impact of her performance. Jacobs, and also Frederick Douglass in his second autobiography of 1855, took advantage of Stowe’s successful production of a work of fiction that could still lay claim to the authority of truth. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl did not fictionalize or even sensationalize any of the facts of Jacobs’s experience, yet its author, using pseudonyms for all of her â€Å"characters,† did create what William Andrews has called a â€Å"novelistic† discourse,1 including large segments of dialogue among characters. Jacobs used the devices of sentimental fiction to target the same white, female, middle-class, northern audiences who had been spellbound by Uncle Tom’s Cabin, yet her narrative also shows that she was unwilling to follow, and often subverted, the genre’s promotion of â€Å"true womanhood,† a code of behavior demanding that women remain virtuous, meek, and submissive, no matter what the personal cost. Gender considerations account not only for many of the differences in style and genre that we see in Douglass’s and Jacobs’s narratives, but also for the versions of slavery that they endured and the versions of authorship that they were able to shape for themselves in freedom. Douglass was a public speaker who could boldly self-fashion himself as hero of his own adventure. In his first narrative, he combined and equated the achievement of selfhood, manhood, freedom, and voice. The resulting lead character of his autobiography is a boy, and then a young man, who is robbed of family and community and who gains an identity not only through his escape from Baltimore to Massachusetts but through his Douglass focuses on the struggle to achieve manhood and freedom. Jacob focuses on sexual exploitation. ability to create himself through telling his story. Harriet Jacobs, on the other hand, was enmeshed in all the trappings of community, family, and domesticity. She was literally a â€Å"domestic† in her northern employment, as well as a slave mother with children to protect, and one from whom subservience was expected, whether slave or free. As Jacobs pointedly put it, â€Å"Slavery is bad for men, but it is far more terrible for women. † The overriding concern of Jacobs’s narrative was one that made her story especially problematic both for herself as author and for the women readers of her time. Because the major crisis of her life involved her master’s unrelenting, forced sexual attentions, the focus of Jacobs’s narrative is the sexual exploitation that she, as well as many other slave women, had to endure. For her, the question of how to address this â€Å"unmentionable† subject dominates the choices she delineates in her narrative—as woman slave and as woman author. Like Douglass, Jacobs was determined to fight to the death for her freedom. Yet while Douglass could show â€Å"how a slave became a man† in a physical fight with an overseer, Jacobs’s gender determined a different course. Pregnant with the child of a white lover of her own choosing, fifteen year old Jacobs reasoned (erroneously) that her condition would spur her licentious master to sell her and her child. Once she was a mother, with â€Å"ties to life,† as she called them, her concern for her children had to take precedence over her own self-interest. Thus throughout her narrative, Jacobs is looking not only for freedom but also for a secure home for her children. She might also long for a husband, but her shameful early liaison, resulting in two children born â€Å"out of wedlock,† meant, as she notes with perhaps a dose of sarcasm, that her story ends â€Å"not, in the usual way, with marriage,† but â€Å"with freedom. † In this finale, she still mourns (even though her children were now grown) that she does not have â€Å"a home of my own. † Douglass’s 1845 narrative, conversely, ends with his standing as a speaker before an eager audience and feeling an exhilarating â€Å"degree of freedom. While Douglass’s and Jacobs’s lives might seem to have moved in different directions, it is nevertheless important not to miss the common will that their narratives proclaim. They never lost their determination to gain not only freedom from enslavement but also respect for their individual humanity and that of other bondsmen and women. Guiding Student Discussion Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas s, an American Slave (1845) is available, along with introductory material, at http://docsouth. nc. edu/neh/douglass/douglass. html Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) by Harriet Jacobs is available with introductory material at http://docsouth. unc. edu/fpn/jacobs/jacobs. html [+] Title page A fruitful place to begin a comparison of these two classic narratives is their title pages. What appears there reveals much about their authors’ strategies and visions. Douglass’s title is front and center, announcing his â€Å"Life† as an â€Å"American Slave. Given his clear affinity for â€Å"antithesis† (the juxtaposition and balancing of contrasting words and ideas), the words â€Å"Slave† and â€Å"American† placed up against one another dramatize his untenable position in the â€Å"home of the free. † Jacobs’s title immediately offers a contrast. It announces that this will be not the story of one person’s full lif e, but a selection of â€Å"incidents. † Students can think about what this selectivity on the part of the author might mean, with its intimation that she reserves the right to withhold as well as reveal information. Their titles alone can show students that both writers are making highly conscious decisions about self-presentation and narrative strategy. What do they make of the fact that Jacobs refers in her title to a â€Å"slave girl,† not an â€Å"American slave,† even though the voice that will be telling the story is unquestionably that of a woman who has survived a horrifying girlhood and identifies herself most often as a slave mother. Finally, one of the most important questions that both title pages raise concerns the claim â€Å"written by himself† and â€Å"written by herself. Many of the narratives attest to the slave’s authorship in this way, but why was such an announcement necessary? Is it believable, given all the prefatory matter by white sponsors that accompanies the narratives? What power does the claim of being the â€Å"Writer† of one’s own story give to a slave author? [+] Title page Jacobs’s title page contains other refer ences that raise the issue of gender contrast in relation to Douglass: she includes two quotations, one by the Old Testament prophet Isaiah, in which he exhorts â€Å"women† to rise up and hear his voice. The speaker of the second quotation is identified only as â€Å"A Woman of North Carolina,† who asserts that slavery is not only about â€Å"perpetual bondage† but about â€Å"degradation† (Jacobs’s italics). What might students make of these remarks, especially if they know that the author (who is not going to reveal her true name or identity anywhere in the narrative) is herself â€Å"a woman of North Carolina? The fact that the title page singles out â€Å"women† to be the hearers of a prophetic voice, and that just such a voice, identified as a woman’s, precedes Isaiah’s words, can help students see Jacobs manipulating her position through concealment and secrecy, as she will throughout her narrative. Students can begin to think about what â€Å"degradation† means, and whether it means different things for a man than for a woman who have been enslaved; they can also address matters of peaking, having a voice, and being forced into silence as these issues relate to men and women—in the mid-nineteenth century as well as in their own time. A particularly interesting gender comparison can be made of Douglass and Jacobs through examining the identical disguises that they wore as they maneuvered their way to freedom in southern port cities that were their homes (Baltimore and Edenton, NC, respectively). They each appeared in their city’s streets wearing the outfit of a merchant seaman. This costume enabled Douglass to board a boat and sail away to freedom. In Compare disguises. his first narrative, Douglass actually refused to give any details of his escape, insisting on his power, as narrator, to withhold or reveal information as he saw fit, so his sailor disguise emerged only in later versions of his story. 2 Jacobs, her face â€Å"blackened† with charcoal, wore her costume only long enough to walk through her town unrecognized on her way to her free grandmother’s house, where she was to spend seven years of hiding in a crawl space over a storage shed. Jacobs’s brief gender transformation through cross-dressing, followed by her long â€Å"retreat† into total physical concealment, is telling evidence of how differently an enslaved man and an enslaved woman responded to the challenges of their lives as slaves as well as autobiographers. By bringing together other specific scenes from each text, students can follow, for a time, what Anne G. Jones calls in her article (sited below) â€Å"the forking path of gendered binary oppositions. Do Douglass and Jacobs, in their lives and in the stylistic features of their writing, conform to our stereotypical expectations regarding how men and women respond, speak, and act? Jacobs is of necessity much more deeply concerned with her own family, with the community that surrounded her as a â€Å"town† slave, with the wellbeing of the children and grandmother who depended on her. Like most other women of her time, her life was more private, her sphere of action more limited to the home, her relationships with others more interdependent, less autonomous, than men’s. Douglass’s circumstances were as different as his gender; he had few family contacts, he lived on remote plantations as well as in a town, he was of a different â€Å"class† as well as gender from Jacobs. So which of the two slaves’ opportunities were related to gender, and which to time, place, class, or other forces? Beyond gender and circumstances, students can see the narratives of Jacobs and Douglass as remarkable works of both literature and history. In these arenas, what do the narratives show us when compared to other works of their time? Slave narratives and students. What do they tell us about life in our own time? Has an understanding of slavery from the perspective of the slave him/herself become irrelevant? Another way to study the narratives fruitfully is to see the many different expressive purposes they embody. They functioned in their own time as propaganda as well as autobiography, as Jeremiad as well as melodrama. In our time, can they bring the past alive in ways that invigorate students’ understanding of history? Can they show students how to imagine their own selfhood and circumstances through writing personal stories that takes them, through trials and struggles, on a journey to freedom and fulfillment? Can the slave narratives show students how to argue forcefully for what they believe in, how to attack major problems in their society? Few writers illustrate better, through more powerful voices, the threat to as well as the promise of the American dream of freedom. This is perhaps the most important legacy they have left for students to ponder. Changing Approaches to the Study of the Narratives After the Civil War ended, the narratives written by fugitive slaves inevitably lost much of their attraction for most readers. As historians began to study the institution of slavery in the early twentieth century, they unfortunately tended to dismiss the slaves’ life writings as unreliable propaganda or as too heavily edited to be considered valid testimony from the slaves themselves. The most important of these early historians, Ulrich B. Phillips, indicated in his authoritative American Negro Slavery (1918) that the slaves’ narratives as sources were untrustworthy, biased accounts, and assessments such as his helped to keep them in relative obscurity until the 1950s. In 1948 Benjamin Quarles published the first modern biography of Douglass, which was followed in 1950 by the first volume of what was ultimately a 5 volume work from Phillip Foner: Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass. These texts were part of the new consciousness that began the Civil Rights movement in the 1950s, and the black studies programs that followed in the 1960s and 70s brought about more re-evaluations asserting the centrality of the slave narratives to American literary history. In this new era, Douglass’s 1845 narrative, given its first full, modern publication in 1960, was considered the classic example of the genre. 3 Among historical studies, works such as John Blassingame’s The Slave Community: Plantation Life in Antebellum South used the fugitive slave narratives, Douglass’s works prominent among them, to provide much needed credibility for the slaves’ perspective on bondage and freedom. Ironically, Blassingame spurned Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents as unreliable primarily because he found it to be too â€Å"melodramatic,† and he voiced suspicions that the narrative was the work of Jacobs’s friend and editor, Lydia Maria Child. In this dismissal of Jacobs’s authorship he ignored the fact that Child, in her introduction to Jacobs’s work, stressed that she had made only the most â€Å"trifling† editorial changes and that â€Å"both ideas and the language† were Jacobs’s own. Incidents began receiving new interest with a 1973 edition (published by Harcourt Brace). However, its complete recovery of as an authentic slave-authored account was not accomplished until historian Jean Fagin Yellin, through extensive archival research published in a 1981 article, proved the truth of Jacobs’s story as well as the painstaking process involved in her struggle to write and publish her book. 4 Yellin has continued to lead in the reclamation of Jacobs’s work, publishing her own Harvard University Press in 1987. Beginning in the late 1970s, book-length studies began to stress the importance of the fugitive slave narratives, including prominently both Douglass’s and Jacobs’s, as literary works valuable not only as historical evidence but as life writing that employed a wide range of rhetorical and literary devices. Frances Smith Foster’s Witnessing Slavery (1979), Robert B. Stepto’s From Behind the Veil (1979), and two collections of essays—The Art of the Slave Narrative (edited by John Sekora and Darwin Turner in 1982) and The Slave’s Narrative (edited by Charles T. Davis and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. , 1985)—provided the critical groundwork for bringing the slaves’ texts into the American literary canon. William S. McFeely’s 1991 definitive biography assured Douglass’s status as a major historical figure, as did Yellin’s biography of Jacobs, published in 2004. William L. Andrews’s definitive To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography, 1760-1865 (1987) marked a significant new stage in the study of the written antebellum slave narrative. In a single, comprehensive book he traced the development of and changes in the form from its eighteenth century beginnings, offering closely detailed readings of individual texts, including particularly innovative analyses of Douglass’s first two autobiographies and Jacobs’s Incidents. By the late 1980s, as well, feminist critics following Jean Fagin Yellin’s lead, began to stress the value of Jacobs’s work in expressing the specific problems of women’s voice and experience, often contrasting her narrative’s structure and style, as well as her story, against Douglass’s masculinist vision in the 1845 Narrative. Important articles continue to appear, some of them gathered into collections such as Deborah Garfield and Rafia Zafar, eds. , Harriet Jacobs and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: New Critical Essays (1996), Eric Sundquist’s Frederick Douglass: New Literary and Historical Essays (1990), Andrews’s Critical Essa ys on Frederick Douglass (1991), and The Cambridge Companion to Frederick Douglass (2009) How to cite Fredrick Douglas and Harriot Jacobs, Papers

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Question: Discuss about theResearcher Illegally Shares Millions of Science Papers Free Online to Spread Knowledge. Answer: Ethics is a specific branch of philosophy, which eventually includes the systematization, defending and recommendation of relevant concepts of correct and incorrect conduct (Peters, 2015). Ethics helps in resolving each and every question of the morality of human beings by simply defining the major concepts of correct or incorrect, crime or justice, good or bad and vice or virtue. There are three most important areas in ethics, namely meta ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics (Dewey, 2016). The meta ethics mainly deals with the theory and the moral propositions. The truth-values are determined from meta ethics. The normative ethics deals with the practical means for the determination of the moral action course. The third area of ethics is the applied ethics that mainly deals with the concern of permission of any particular person, working in any typical situation (Fromm, 2013). There are typically four classical theories of ethics, which include Utilitarianism theory, Deontolo gy theory, Virtue theory and Contract theory. The following essay outlines a brief discussion on a real time case study on a researcher, who illegally shares millions of science papers, absolutely free online for spreading knowledge (Crane Matten, 2016). This essay helps to understand the four classical theories of ethics for the above mentioned situation. The essay explains about the ethical dilemma, the situation has within it. This essay even describes about the information and communication technology. Case Study A Russian researcher had made over 48 million articles of journal completely free available in online for providing and spreading good knowledge to all people, who are accessing Internet (MacDonald, 2018). She was claimed for providing free journal articles illegally and when was questioned for this, she refused to shut down the site in spite of receiving a lawsuit and court injunction from Elsevier. Elsevier is one of the best publishers in the world. This site was basically created in the year 2011 by popular neuroscientist namely, Alexandra Elbakyan (MacDonald, 2018). She was extremely frustrated upon the fact that she was unable to afford all the articles required for the research. As these articles went viral, thousands of articles were downloaded everyday in the entire world. At the end of 2015, the New York district court ordered to shut down the site forever. However, Alexandra Elbakyan did not want to shut it and fought against the law. According to her, knowledge should be given to everyone absolutely free of cost. She claimed that no matter how much less a person earns, he or she has the birth right to obtain knowledge (MacDonald, 2018). Worlds leading universities like Cornell and Harvard have already admitted that the scientific journals or papers are extremely high in price and people with less income and less financial support cannot afford them. Utilitarianism Theory The Utilitarianism theory is the first and the foremost theory of the four classical theories of ethics. The main factor of this theory is that it supports the best action, which can eventually maximize the utility of any particular situation (Durkheim, 2013). The main advantage of this theory is that it only allows the best activity of any situation and thus can bring excess utility. This particular theory can also be claimed as the perfect version of the theory of consequentialism. This consequentialism theory states that all the consequences of a particular action can be understood on the basis of correct or incorrect. The theory of utilitarianism takes all the interest of every human being with equal distribution (Niebuhr, 2013). In this particular case study, a researcher, namely, Alexandra Elbakyan has made millions of scientific journals and articles available on the Internet, completely free of cost. When she was asked for the reason, she said that she believed that knowledge should be given to all individuals, irrespective of their financial income (Peters, 2015). It is often seen that students with less income cannot afford journals or articles as they are of excess cost. According to Utilitarianism theory, one should take the best action from any particular situation and take that action that can bring maximum utility to the situation. When this particular case study is matched with the Utilitarianism theory, it is being observed that the researcher was not unethical (Hayry, 2013). She did something with the intension of providing free knowledge to all the persons. Giving knowledge to students, who cannot afford education or expensive journals, is not at all unethical. Therefore, according to Utilitarianism theory, Alexandra Elbakyan was ethical. Deontology Theory The second theory of the four classical theories is the Deontology theory. Deontology theory is different from the Utilitarianism theory. This particular theory always evaluates the moral activities of any situation on the basis of rules (Conway Gawronski, 2013). This means, if an activity does not follow the rules or regulations, it is considered to be extremely unethical, irrespective of the fact that the action can bring utility to the situation. These rules can be either ethical, legal or even moral rules. In this particular case study, a Russian researcher, Alexandra Elbakyan has made millions of scientific journals and articles available on the Internet, completely free of cost (Peters, 2015). She did not have any wrong intensions; however, she did everything illegally and according to Deontology theory, she is not being ethical. Although the action has brought intense utility to the situations and many students or persons have downloaded the articles completely free of cost, it will not be counted as an ethical act and she is claimed as unethical (Fromm, 2013). Therefore, according to Deontology theory, the Russian researcher is unethical. Virtue Theory Virtue theory is the third distinct theory of the four classical theories. This theory is again a part of normative theory of ethics. Virtue ethics mainly focuses on the morality of character and mind (Shafer-Landau, 2012). The ethicists always describe about the definition and the nature of the virtues and every other problem. The virtue ethics is the characteristics of the character of a human being. In simple words, if an individual has a character that is ethical in nature, it is bound that he or she will be taking ethical decisions in his life. Similarly, if an individual is unethical in nature, it is bound that he or she will be taking unethical decisions in his life (Van Hooft, 2014). In this particular case study, the Russian researcher, Alexandra Elbakyan has made millions of scientific journals and articles available on the Internet, entirely free of cost. She did this activity illegally. She had the intension of providing knowledge or education to all the persons without a ny financial barrier. She was correct in her terms and thought for the benefit of all persons (Crane Matten, 2016). She was extremely ethical in her character and theory. Therefore, it can be said according to Virtue ethics, this researcher did not do anything wrong and she does not have an unethical character. Contract Theory The fourth theory of the Classical theories of ethics is the Contract theory. This theory states that one person should be extremely ethical when he or she is involved in any particular contract in either business or real life (De Jasay, 2012). Being ethical will justify his or her character and it can be claimed that whether he is ethical or not. However, this particular theory is not applicable to the case study of the Russian researcher Alexandra Elbakyan as no contract is involved in this case study. Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that ethics is the typical subdivision of philosophy that includes the recommendation, defending and systematization, of the applicable concepts of accurate and inaccurate conducts. Every question or dilemma can be easily resolved with the help of ethics. These questions or dilemmas mainly are for the human morals by simple definition of the most important concepts of accurate or inaccurate, good and bad, crime and justice and even vice and virtue. The three most significant areas in case of ethics are the normative ethics, the Meta ethics and the applied ethics. The normative ethics majorly deals with all the realistic ways for the relevant determination of moral action. The second area that is metaethics deals with all the moral propositions and theory. Determination of truth values are done from the meta ethics. The third distinct area for ethics is applied ethics, which majorly deals with all the concerns for permission of all individuals, who are working in a tough situation. Four classical ethical theories are present that involve the Utilitarianism theory, the Deontology theory, the Virtue theory and the Contract theory. The above discussion discusses about a case study, occurred in real time that took place in the year 2015, where a researcher published millions of scientific journals available in the Internet absolutely free of cost. This report has described about the ethical or non ethical aspects of this particular case study. The four popular classical theories of ethics, which are Utilitarianism theory, Deontology theory, Virtue theory and Contract theory or the case study are also mentioned here. The above essay has given a clear view of the ethical dilemmas of the mentioned case study of Alexandra Elbakyan. References Conway, P., Gawronski, B. (2013). Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach.Journal of personality and social psychology,104(2), 216. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. De Jasay, A. (2012).Social contract, free ride. Liberty Fund Dewey, J. (2016).Ethics. Read Books Ltd. Durkheim, E. (2013).Professional ethics and civic morals. Routledge. Fromm, E. (2013).Man for himself: An inquiry into the psychology of ethics(Vol. 102). Routledge. Hayry, M. (2013).Liberal utilitarianism and applied ethics. Routledge. MacDonald, F. (2018).Researcher Illegally Shares Millions of Science Papers Free Online to Spread Knowledge.ScienceAlert. Retrieved 11 January 2018, from https://www.sciencealert.com/this-woman-has-illegally-uploaded-millions-of-journal-articles-in-an-attempt-to-open-up-science Niebuhr, R. (2013).Moral man and immoral society: A study in ethics and politics. Westminster John Knox Press. Peters, R. S. (2015).Ethics and Education (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Shafer-Landau, R. (Ed.). (2012).Ethical theory: an anthology(Vol. 13). John Wiley Sons. Van Hooft, S. (2014).Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge.