Aborigines And Their Place In Politics Essay Example For Students

Aborigines And Their Place In Politics Essay For much of their history, Australias major parties did not perceive a need to have Aboriginal affairs policies, but this altered in the 1960s and 1970s as the Aboriginal interest came to occupy a more prominent position. The policies of recent major governments, those being the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Coalition, consisting of the Liberal Party and National Party, have changed drastically since the Federation of Australia. The approaches throughout history of these major parties will be discussed briefly in order to gain an understanding of the foundation of each partys beliefs and platforms in regards to Aborigines. The main political issues facing Aborigines in society today will be identified, and subsequently the main political parties approach and policies will be distinguished in relation to each issue. Finally, recent policies and legislation introduced by the main political parties will be introduced and discussed. From 1937, the approach of all governments was one of assimilation, whereby Aborigines would submit to indoctrination in white ways before taking their place in the general Australian community. However, in time this policy came under intensifying attack on all sides, with critics claiming the policy denied these individuals of their Aboriginal culture, and enforced the notion of the superiority of the white culture. For a time, integration became a policy of the Commonwealth, though it was hard to identify the distinction between assimilation and integration. As attitudes changed, State governments began to amend many of the laws that denied Aborigines equality with whites. In 1967, all parties maintained the proposed Constitutional amendment. Although attitudes had begun to change, little had been done to encroach such altered attitudes in definite government policies. The Labor Party made the most positive pitch for these interests, and at its 1971 Federal Conference, Gough Whitla m led the party into conceiving the most detailed Aboriginal affairs policy yet adopted up until this period, by a major party. This called for the establishment of a full Aboriginal affairs department. Whitlam guaranteed that a Labor government would not falter to override any State laws which discriminated against Aborigines, or which supervised Aborigines, or which reduced the opportunities for Aborigines to conduct themselves as they wished. Shifting aside assimilation and integration, Labor adopted self-determination, a policy which spoke of Aborigines ultimately being able to decide the pace and nature of their future development, where they would take a real and effective responsibility for their own affairs. After becoming Prime Minister, Whitlam took it further with his talk of restoring to Aborigines their lost power of self-determination in economic, social and political affairs. Within a year of its election, the Whitlam government was discovering that its position among Aborigines was sliding outrageously. There was also indications that advancement on land rights was frustratingly slow. Despite Aboriginal complaints, there is no doubt that the Whitlam government did a lot for the Aboriginal people. Apart from the creation of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs (DAA) and the passage of anti-discrimination legislation, a lot of money was spent, much of it usefully. During the Fraser years, Labor was proud of the work of the Whitlam government, which, it claimed, had developed achievements and advances, which remain unparalleled in the history of our politics since the British occupation. The Liberal Party was slower than the ALP in devising policies in these areas. However, the party did support the 1967 amendment, and soon after, the Coalition moved to establish the Office of Aboriginal Affairs, an advisory body that was given considerable funds to determine Aboriginal needs so that the Commonwealth could undertake action. The Liberals were prepa red to cast aside assimilationist ideas in their identification of Aborigines fundamental right to maintain their racial identity and traditional lifestyle or, if preferred, to adopt partially or entirely a European lifestyle. The Liberal Partys Aboriginal Affairs policy emerged as self-management, a policy that was held to distinguish Liberal policy from that of Labor, stressing as it did that Aborigines should not only be responsible for their future development, but also accountable for the success or failure of such development. National Party politicians have been far less prepared than the Liberals to accept that Aborigines require special assistance to meet their needs. The primary political issues faced by Aborigines today include Aboriginal death in custody, reconciliation, land rights including native title and the Mabo decision, and the Stolen Generation. There are other issues, however these appear to be the major contemporary issues by way of the media focus they have g ained and policies and legislation relating to them. Overpopulation And The Economi EssayThe only difference, and probably a very major one, is that the Labor Party promises to make a national apology on behalf of the Commonwealth for any wrongs and hardships faced by the indigenous people as a result of policies of the past governments. The Liberal Party to this day has refused to do this, however they are still committed to assisting those affected by removal in a similar way to the Labor Party. In recent policy campaigns for the future election, Labor has promised, after full and inclusive negotiation with the Stolen Generations, to make a full response to the Brining Them Home Report. This response will include investigating non-adversarial methods of focusing on the need for compensation through procedures such as consultation, conciliation and negotiation. It was acknowledged from the outset that even the original Native Title Act would not help those who had been removed from their land and social networks and generations past by various pieces of legislation and government policies. Some such concerns have been addressed over the years by the establishment of Councils and bodies, however solutions to many of the major issues, and minor ones not mentioned here, are far beyond the reach of any committee or advisory board established by governments and political parties. However, this is not to say that the policies and legislation enacted by political parties are not helping, but simply to point out that the Aboriginal affairs is a diverse and very complicated area to legislate and maintain. Political Issues